How is the internal of the computer

You may know that the computer is a machine that output processed data as information.

How is it work?

Input Data > Process Data > Output Information

These is the first theory of computer studies!. But what exactly happens in the CPU.

CPU is a hardware device(electronic). The processor is the main part of the CPU and the memory.

In a computer, all things are controlled and processed by the processor. So, if you want to know what happens in the internal of the computer, you might learn that how to work the processor.

Processor

Processor is an electronic device that has main two parts called "Arithmetic and Logic Unit" and "Control Unit".

Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)

This unit is used for every calculations and check logic on the executing program. Built using billions of logic gates and flip-flops. In newer processors, ALU can solve advanced calculations(not only + or -) within one command. These calculations are solved by different circuits, for example, if the operation is to add two numbers, it set to binary adder circuit that built in the processor.

Control Unit(CU)

Control unit controls internal and external parts of the computer. 


Now we look at the ALU again.


 We can create logic gate circuits using ICs to solve a small logic. But computer can preform various arithmetic and logic operations according to the program. 

If we have following circuit,

  You may know the logic, A.B=Q

If A and B the inputs of a AND gate that outputs Q

A B Q
0 0   0
0 1   0
1 0   0
1 1   1

And you know this is all about. But think if you input various circuits like,figured in following picture 

 
When working a program in the microprocessor if fetch data into the registry called Accumulator(Working Registry) by a another circuit. Then select the circuit by a Binary to Decimal Decoder.

In the above example picture, there are only 4 Instructions. Because only 2 bits are goes to Binary to Decimal Decoder.  Now the sub circuit can get the data by reading data bus. There are only 6 data bits in my example picture. But new computers have 32bits/ 64bits of data bus.

That's is how the computer's internal devices are working through a program. It simple but, there are many small electronics sub circuits in the internal of the processor to speed up in hardware level.